Attapulgite

What is attapulgite?

Attapulgite (brand name Toxisorb™ Bolus) is an anti-diarrhea clay supplement that binds bacteria and toxins, thereby helping to restore a healthy intestinal system.

It is used in dogs and cats, as well as horses, cattle, and other ruminants. It is often combined with other binding supplements such as activated charcoal.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review non-drug health products (e.g., herbals, nutraceuticals, shampoos, and other supplements) for safety or effectiveness before they are sold to the public. Manufacturers of non-drug health products must ensure their products are safe and labeled accurately.   

The FDA requires that these non-pharmaceuticals contain a disclaimer that says, “This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” Health Canada licenses “veterinary health products” after reviewing safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. These products are not tested by Health Canada.

"Your veterinarian is the best source of information 
about the safety of non-drug health products in pets."

Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the safety of non-drug health products in pets. Just because a product is natural does not mean it is safe. All medicines and medicinal plants are potentially toxic if used inappropriately or given at high doses. Supplements can also have side effects, like pharmaceuticals. Few supplements and herbs have been subjected to rigorous scientific trials to determine their efficacy.

Although the information in this handout may be helpful, it may also be incomplete and may not represent the full range of effects the supplement could have on your pet.

How do I give my pet attapulgite?

• Attapulgite is given orally (by mouth) and comes in the form of tablets, powder or liquid suspension for use in dogs and cats. A bolus format is available for use in horses, cattle and other ruminants.
• Shake liquid suspension thoroughly before administration.
• Give attapulgite at least 2 hours before additional medications or 3-4 hours after additional medications.
• Attapulgite may be given with or without food. 
• Ideally, give this supplement at the same time daily.
• Follow your veterinarian’s directions and use products according to their label.
• Ensure access to fresh, clean drinking water.
• Wash hands after use.
• Do not handle if you have a known sensitivity to this supplement.

This supplement should take effect within 1–2 days, and improvement in clinical signs should follow. Avoid long-term use of this supplement.

What if I miss giving my pet the supplement?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.

Are there any potential side effects from attapulgite?

Attapulgite may cause the following side effects:

• Constipation (at high doses)

Oral supplements can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms. If any of the following signs develop, contact your veterinarian:

• Loose stools
• Flatulence
• Stomach upset

Sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting supplement should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this supplement?

DO NOT USE attapulgite in:

• Pets who are allergic to it or to any of the ingredients in the supplement.

Contact your veterinarian if your animal's condition does not improve or worsens despite this treatment, or if the diarrhea persists for longer than 48–72 hours after starting treatment.

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

• Attapulgite may affect the absorption of other medications.
• It is important to give this supplement at least 2 hours before additional medications or 3–4 hours after additional medications.

Certain medications and supplements may interact with attapulgite and so it is important to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your dog is taking before starting any new treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this supplement?

• At home, monitor for any abnormal changes. If any occur, discontinue the supplement and contact your veterinarian.
• Your veterinarian will let you know when they want to reassess your pet to ensure the supplement is working and not causing side effects. 

How do I store attapulgite?

• Ensure supplements are stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent accidental ingestion.
• Keep out of reach of children.
• Store at room temperature in a cool dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the supplement, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet's weight and symptoms.